Life History:

Other facts:

Notes:

• My 26th great grandfather
  
  Malcolm III (Canmore) (c.1031-93), King of Scotland (1058-93). Malcolm was brought up at the English court of Edward the Confessor after Macbeth murdered his father, Duncan I. With English assistance he defeated Macbeth in 1054, and killed him in 1057. Malcolm married (1068) Margaret, the granddaughter of Edmund Ironside. His support of Saxon exiles (including Edgar the Atheling) fleeing from the Normans, led to an invasion (1072) by William I and Malcolm's homage to him. Tension continued, and Malcolm was killed at Alnwick while on his fifth invasion of England.
  
  ---------------------------------------------------------
  Excerpted from The Oxford Interactive Encyclopedia
  Developed by The Learning Company, Inc. Copyright (c) 1997 TLC Properties Inc. All rights reserved.
  
      Malcolm III
      Malcolm III
      (Malcolm Canmore), d. 1093, king of Scotland  (1057-93), son of Duncan I; successor to Macbeth (d.
      1057). It took him some years after Macbeth's death to regain the boundaries of his father's kingdom. About  1068, Edgar Atheling, pretender to the English throne,  took refuge with Malcolm, who soon married Edgar's sister Margaret (see Margaret of Scotland, Saint). On behalf of Edgar, Malcolm invaded N England, but in   1072 William I of England invaded Scotland, and     Malcolm made peace with him. In the reign of William II, Edgar joined Malcolm in his raid into England in 1091, but William forced both men to submit and to do homage. Malcolm was killed at Alnwick on still another     raid into England. His frequent wars insured the independence of his kingdom, which made possible     the great ecclesiastical reorganization initiated by his wife, Margaret. Malcolm was succeeded briefly by his     brother Donald Bane, but later four of Malcolm's sons were kings of Scotland-Duncan II (reigned 1093-94),     Edgar (reigned 1097-1107), Alexander I, and David I. Malcolm's daughter Edith (renamed Matilda) married     Henry I of England, and another daughter was mother to the wife of King Stephen of England.
  
  Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (Malcolm III "Canmore")
  
  King of Scotland (Alba), 1058-1093.
  
  Malcolm III "Canmore" defeated king Mac Bethad mac Findláech (Macbeth) in battle in 1057, but did not succeed to the kingship until Macbeth's stepson king Lulach was killed in 1058. He was killed in battle by the Normans in England in 1093.
  
  Date of Birth: Unknown
  Place of Birth: Unknown
  
  Date of Death: 13 November 1093 [ESSH 2: 52; SAEC 110]
  Place of Death: England.
  
  Father: Donnchad mac Crínáin (Duncan I), king of Scotland, d. 15 August 1040. [KKES 276, 284, 289]
  
  Mother: Suthen (of Northumbria?) [KKES 284]
  
  Spouses:
  
  (1) (ca. 1065?) Ingibjorg Finnsdóttir, widow of Þorfinnr Sigurðarson (Thorfinn), jarl of Orkney. [OrkS
  33 (p. 72); ESSH 2: 4] She is sometimes erroneously called the daughter of Thorfinn. [Spelling note: The "o" in Ingibjorg's name should be an "o-hook" (an "o" with a small right-facing hook attached at the bottom), but it is represented here as an ordinary "o" because many web browsers will not correctly display the desired letter.]
  
  (2) (ca. 1070?) Margaret of England (St. Margaret), d. 1093. [ESSH 2: 23-30; SAEC 93-4]
  
  See ESSH 1: 25-6 for a brief discussion of the chronology of Malcolm's two marriages. Dating the first marriage is complicated by the fact that the death date of Thorfinn of Orkney (ca. 1064?) is uncertain.
  
  Children:
  
  by Ingibjorg Finnsdóttir:
  
    Duncan II, king of Scotland, d. 1094. [Stated by OrkS 33 (p. 72) to be Ingibjorg's son]
  
  possibly by Ingibjorg Finnsdóttir:
  
    Domnall (Donald), d. 1085. [AU; ESSH 2: 47, 160] Since he does not appear among the known children of Malcolm and Margaret, and placing him as a son of Margaret would be chronologically unlikely, it is usually presumed that he was a son of Ingibjorg. However, it cannot be ruled out that Donald was the son of an unknown earlier marriage.
  
    Malcolm. Said to have witnessed a charter of his brother Duncan II in 1094 [ESSH 2: 26]. SP 1: 2 stated that there was no positive proof for this son, but this was before ESSH was published. The fact that it was rare at this time to name a son after the father (among both the Scots and the Anglo-Saxons) might be considered a nagative indicator, but not a decisive one, as Malcolm could easily have been influenced by the Normans in this regard, among whom naming a son after the father was common.
  Assuming that the charter is genuine, there is no good reason to doubt Malcolm's existence.
  
  by Margaret of England:
  A folio inserted in the Chronicle of Melrose, and the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon, are two sources which list all of the children of Malcolm and Margaret [see ESSH 2: 25-9]. Numerous other primary sources provide additional proof for each of these children [see ESSH; SAEC; SP 1: 1-3]
  
    Edward, d. 1093.
   Edmund, prince of Cumbria.
    Ethelred, earl of Fife and abbot of Dunkeld.
    Edgar, king of Scotland, d. 8 January 1106/7.
    Alexander I, king of Scotland, d. 23 April 1124.
    David I, king of Scotland, b. ca. 1080, d. 24 May 1153.
    Matilda (Maud), d. 1 May 1118, m. 1100 Henry I, king of England.
    Mary, d. 31 May 1116, m. 1102 Eustace, count of Boulogne.
  
  In the year 1054 twenty-three year old Malcolm returned to Scotland, after a period in hiding in England from the ruthless King Macbeth. He had come back to Scotland to reclaim the throne from Macbeth, who had taken it from his father, King Duncan, in 1040.
            Malcolm and his army defeated Macbeth twice in battle; the second time at Lumphanan, where
  Macbeth and his son were both killed, leaving the throne for anyone with royal connections to take.
            Malcolm was crowned king on 25th April 1058.
            King Malcolm III had only been on the throne of Scotland for a short time when he sent troops to raid,  loot and destroy the villages of Northumbria. This act of force was a shock and a blow to England,
  since King Edward the Confessor of England had helped Malcolm gain the Scottish throne in the first
  place.
            Malcolm's aim, and life-long personal ambition, was to conquer northern England. His strikes were initially successful and many innocent people lost their money and their homes. In spite of the attacks, however, England retained control in the north.
  
            The Coming of the Normans.
  
  Only seven years later further events in the north caused the downfall of the English King. Harold
  Hardrada, King of Norway attempted to take over Northumbria and Malcolm decided to help the           Norwegians. This was partly because his (first) wife was related to Harold Hardrada, and partly           because he wanted a share of Northumbria.
  
  Edward the Confessor had died at the end of 1065 and Harold Godwinson had taken the throne, to the fury of William, Duke of Normandy, who had understood from his kinsman, Edward, that he would succeed him. In fact, when Harold Godwinson had been blown off course during a storm in the English Channel in 1064 William had made Harold promise to support William’s claim to the throne as the
  price for his freedom.
  
  When the King of England heard about the Norse invasion, he marched his army northwards. The
  English defeated the Norwegians, but were forced to return to the south immediately because an
  invasion force led by Duke William had landed.
  
  Harold met William at Hastings where in a great battle the King of England was fatally wounded.
  According to the Bayeux Tapestry, Harold was killed either by an arrow piercing his eye or by the           sword of a Norman knight. William marched to Westminster Abbey where he crowned himself King of
  England.
            This event is known as the Norman Conquest; it changed the course of British history. Many Saxons fled north to Scotland after the arrival of the Normans. Among these were Edgar Atheling, last of King Alfred’s line, and his sister Margaret.
  
  In 1070 Malcolm married Margaret, Edgar's sister, in Dunfermline and in the same year he invaded
  England. This was partly so that he could help his brother-in-law, Edgar Atheling gain control of the
  English throne, but mainly because he wanted to extend his Kingdom. Through Margaret, his second
  wife, he had a slight, but positive claim to the throne of England. (This was because Edgar and
  Margaret were the grandchildren of King Edmund Ironside of England.)
  
  This meant that Malcolm could try to become the King of both Scotland and England. When William
  discovered Malcolm's link to royalty, he knew he must crush any such ideas of Malcolm’s. William
  marched an army up to Scotland in 1072 and met the king of Scotland at Stirling. Edgar Atheling
  abandoned Canmore and fled to Flanders in Belgium. When Malcolm saw the size of William's army,
  he promised that he would not hurt, or encroach on, the English or their kingdom. He also made the
  decision to pay homage to the Monarch of England. This decision was to have fateful consequences for
  the independence of Scotland in later, even more dangerous times.
  
  For about seven years, Malcolm kept to his promise. For no known reason though, in 1079 he once
  more invaded the north of England. He viciously attacked Northumberland in Scottish style, which
  meant that Northumberland was savagely torn apart. In the following year the Normans again attacked
  Scotland. They decided to build a castle over the river Tyne for more protection, and to stand watch
  against further Scottish attacks. Malcolm was then, of course reminded of his peace agreement, and
  pledged to keep it for another twelve years.
  
  
  
  Before the twelve-year peace agreement that he had made with the Normans had expired Malcolm
  Canmore launched another invasion of northern England, in 1091. He chose a time when William the
  Conqueror's son William Rufus, who had by this time succeeded his father, was not in Britain, but
  Normandy.
  
  Edgar Atheling returned from Belgium to take part in the invasion. Even although Malcolm Canmore
  had pledged to help Atheling regain the English throne, he was much more interested in putting his
  own family on the throne. However, the English repulsed the Scottish invasion and for the third time
  Malcolm made a peace agreement. The English built a castle at Carlisle to patrol the border.
  
  You would have thought that the invasion attempts would have stopped then, but they didn't as in 1093
  Canmore once more attacked England. But he was killed during the raid and his son died also from
  wounds received. When the news reached poor Margaret she was already very sick with a terminal
  illness; she died four days later.
  
  Malcolm's life as a King was nothing more than a reckless baron robber. He never did help his
  brother-in-law succeed to the English throne. In fact he didn't even have any success for himself. Again
  and again he would try to invade England, but he never really achieved anything. The excuse Canmore
  gave for continually invading England was to advance his brother in law’s claim. But in-fact Canmore
  was nothing more than a greedy, vicious tyrant. He cared about nothing apart from doing things for his own gain.
  
  They were such an unlikely couple; Margaret was loving and caring, she was often called Saint
  Margaret. He was dangerous and duplicitous, nothing like his gentle wife. No matter how much
  Margaret tried to convert her husband from his wrong doings, she never succeeded. Margaret led a
  successful life in the church, while Malcolm tried, brutally, to gain control and power over his
  brother-in-law's homeland. Margaret was interested in helping others and she did a lot of work in the
  church. Malcolm on the other hand, was greedy and a tyrant. Two separate lives, in two separate
  worlds, brought together by fate.
  
  BBC web site:
  Macbeth
  (c.1005-1057)
  Shakespeare’s portrait of a great tragic hero, whose fate was linked to black magic and fuelled by the fire of greed and ambition, bears little resemblance to the historical figure. Duncan (1034-40) was not Shakespeare's venerable, elderly monarch, but a young king who was killed in battle, possibly by Macbeth, although this is not certain. We do know that Duncan was not murdered in the home of a so-called host.
  
  Macbeth, King of Moray, was elected King of Scotland in place of Duncan’s son Malcolm, who was only a child, and for 14 years Macbeth is believed to have ruled equably, imposing law and order and encouraging devout Christianity. In 1050 he is known to have travelled to Rome for a Papal Jubilee. He was also a brave leader and made successful forays over the border into Northumbria, England.
  
  In 1054, Macbeth was challenged by Siward, Earl of Northumbria, who was attempting to return Malcolm (later Malcolm III) to the throne. It was not until 1057 that Macbeth was killed and not by MacDuff but in battle at Lumphanan. The battle of Dunsinane and the encampment in Birnam Wood referred to in Shakespeare’s tragedy are both earlier events. The final battle was probably not between armies, but between two champions – Macbeth, who was middle- aged or even elderly, and Malcolm, still a young man. The two fought in a stone circle near Lumphanan where Malcolm triumphed. It was Malcolm, not Macduff, who beheaded Macbeth.
  
  Macbeth’s stepson, Lulach (1057-8), was proclaimed king and, up until his death at Essie in Aberdeenshire, he continued to challenge Malcolm III (1057- 93).
  
  HC
  
  1911 Enc Brit:
  MALCOLM III. (d. 1093), called Canmore or the " large-headed," was a son of King Duncan I., and became king after the defeat of the usurper Macbeth in July 1054, being crowned at Scone in April 1057. Having married as his second wife, (St) Margaret (q.v.), a sister of Edgar ^Etheling, who was a fugitive at his court, he invaded England in 1070 to support the claim of Edgar to the English throne, returning to Scotland with many captives after harrying Northumbria. William the Conqueror answered this attack by marching into Scotland in 1072, whereupon Malcolm made peace with the English king at Abernethy and " was his man." However, in spite of this promise he ravaged the north of England again and again, until in 1091 William Rufus invaded Scotland and received his submission. Then in 1092 a fresh dispute arose between the two kings, and William summoned Malcolm to his court at Gloucester. The Scot obeyed, and calling at Durham on his southward journey was present at the foundation of Durham Cathedral. When he reached Gloucester Rufus refused to receive him unless he did homage for his kingdom; he declined and returned home in high dudgeon. Almost at once he invaded Northumbria, and was killed at a place afterwards called Malcolm’s Cross, near Alnwick, on the I3th of November 1093. Four of Malcolm’s sons, Duncan II., Edgar, Alexander I., and David I., became kings of Scotland; and one of his daughters, Matilda, became the wife of Henry I. of England, a marriage which united the Saxon and the Norman royal houses.Malcolm III (Canmore) (c.1031-93), King of Scotland (1058-93). Malcolm was brought up at the English court of Edward the Confessor after Macbeth murdered his father, Duncan I. With English assistance he defeated Macbeth in 1054, and killed him in 1057. Malcolm married (1068) Margaret, the granddaughter of Edmund Ironside. His support of Saxon exiles (including Edgar the Atheling) fleeing from the Normans, led to an invasion (1072) by William I and Malcolm's homage to him. Tension continued, and Malcolm was killed at Alnwick while on his fifth invasion of England.
  
  ---------------------------------------------------------
  Excerpted from The Oxford Interactive Encyclopedia
  Developed by The Learning Company, Inc. Copyright (c) 1997 TLC Properties Inc. All rights reserved.
  
      Malcolm III
      Malcolm III
      (Malcolm Canmore), d. 1093, king of Scotland  (1057-93), son of Duncan I; successor to Macbeth (d.
      1057). It took him some years after Macbeth's death to regain the boundaries of his father's kingdom. About  1068, Edgar Atheling, pretender to the English throne,  took refuge with Malcolm, who soon married Edgar's sister Margaret (see Margaret of Scotland, Saint). On behalf of Edgar, Malcolm invaded N England, but in   1072 William I of England invaded Scotland, and     Malcolm made peace with him. In the reign of William II, Edgar joined Malcolm in his raid into England in 1091, but William forced both men to submit and to do homage. Malcolm was killed at Alnwick on still another     raid into England. His frequent wars insured the independence of his kingdom, which made possible     the great ecclesiastical reorganization initiated by his wife, Margaret. Malcolm was succeeded briefly by his     brother Donald Bane, but later four of Malcolm's sons were kings of Scotland-Duncan II (reigned 1093-94),     Edgar (reigned 1097-1107), Alexander I, and David I. Malcolm's daughter Edith (renamed Matilda) married     Henry I of England, and another daughter was mother to the wife of King Stephen of England.
  
  Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (Malcolm III "Canmore")
  
  King of Scotland (Alba), 1058-1093.
  
  Malcolm III "Canmore" defeated king Mac Bethad mac Findláech (Macbeth) in battle in 1057, but did not succeed to the kingship until Macbeth's stepson king Lulach was killed in 1058. He was killed in battle by the Normans in England in 1093.
  
  Date of Birth: Unknown
  Place of Birth: Unknown
  
  Date of Death: 13 November 1093 [ESSH 2: 52; SAEC 110]
  Place of Death: England.
  
  Father: Donnchad mac Crínáin (Duncan I), king of Scotland, d. 15 August 1040. [KKES 276, 284, 289]
  
  Mother: Suthen (of Northumbria?) [KKES 284]
  
  Spouses:
  
  (1) (ca. 1065?) Ingibjorg Finnsdóttir, widow of Þorfinnr Sigurðarson (Thorfinn), jarl of Orkney. [OrkS
  33 (p. 72); ESSH 2: 4] She is sometimes erroneously called the daughter of Thorfinn. [Spelling note: The "o" in Ingibjorg's name should be an "o-hook" (an "o" with a small right-facing hook attached at the bottom), but it is represented here as an ordinary "o" because many web browsers will not correctly display the desired letter.]
  
  (2) (ca. 1070?) Margaret of England (St. Margaret), d. 1093. [ESSH 2: 23-30; SAEC 93-4]
  
  See ESSH 1: 25-6 for a brief discussion of the chronology of Malcolm's two marriages. Dating the first marriage is complicated by the fact that the death date of Thorfinn of Orkney (ca. 1064?) is uncertain.
  
  Children:
  
  by Ingibjorg Finnsdóttir:
  
    Duncan II, king of Scotland, d. 1094. [Stated by OrkS 33 (p. 72) to be Ingibjorg's son]
  
  possibly by Ingibjorg Finnsdóttir:
  
    Domnall (Donald), d. 1085. [AU; ESSH 2: 47, 160] Since he does not appear among the known children of Malcolm and Margaret, and placing him as a son of Margaret would be chronologically unlikely, it is usually presumed that he was a son of Ingibjorg. However, it cannot be ruled out that Donald was the son of an unknown earlier marriage.
  
    Malcolm. Said to have witnessed a charter of his brother Duncan II in 1094 [ESSH 2: 26]. SP 1: 2 stated that there was no positive proof for this son, but this was before ESSH was published. The fact that it was rare at this time to name a son after the father (among both the Scots and the Anglo-Saxons) might be considered a nagative indicator, but not a decisive one, as Malcolm could easily have been influenced by the Normans in this regard, among whom naming a son after the father was common.
  Assuming that the charter is genuine, there is no good reason to doubt Malcolm's existence.
  
  by Margaret of England:
  A folio inserted in the Chronicle of Melrose, and the Chronicle of the Canons of Huntingdon, are two sources which list all of the children of Malcolm and Margaret [see ESSH 2: 25-9]. Numerous other primary sources provide additional proof for each of these children [see ESSH; SAEC; SP 1: 1-3]
  
    Edward, d. 1093.
  
    Edmund, prince of Cumbria.
  
    Ethelred, earl of Fife and abbot of Dunkeld.
  
    Edgar, king of Scotland, d. 8 January 1106/7.
  
    Alexander I, king of Scotland, d. 23 April 1124.
  
    David I, king of Scotland, b. ca. 1080, d. 24 May 1153.
  
    Matilda (Maud), d. 1 May 1118, m. 1100 Henry I, king of England.
  
    Mary, d. 31 May 1116, m. 1102 Eustace, count of Boulogne.
  
  
            In the year 1054 twenty-three year old Malcolm returned to Scotland, after a period in hiding in England
            from the ruthless King Macbeth. He had come back to Scotland to reclaim the throne from Macbeth,
            who had taken it from his father, King Duncan, in 1040.
  
            Malcolm and his army defeated Macbeth twice in battle; the second time at Lumphanan, where
            Macbeth and his son were both killed, leaving the throne for anyone with royal connections to take.
            Malcolm was crowned king on 25th April 1058.
  
            King Malcolm III had only been on the throne of Scotland for a short time when he sent troops to raid,
            loot and destroy the villages of Northumbria. This act of force was a shock and a blow to England,
            since King Edward the Confessor of England had helped Malcolm gain the Scottish throne in the first
            place.
  
            Malcolm's aim, and life-long personal ambition, was to conquer northern England. His strikes were
            initially successful and many innocent people lost their money and their homes. In spite of the attacks,
            however, England retained control in the north.
  
            The Coming of the Normans.
  
            Only seven years later further events in the north caused the downfall of the English King. Harold
            Hardrada, King of Norway attempted to take over Northumbria and Malcolm decided to help the
            Norwegians. This was partly because his (first) wife was related to Harold Hardrada, and partly
            because he wanted a share of Northumbria.
  
  
                                   Edward the Confessor had died at the end of 1065 and Harold
                                   Godwinson had taken the throne, to the fury of William, Duke of
                                   Normandy, who had understood from his kinsman, Edward, that he
                                   would succeed him. In fact, when Harold Godwinson had been blown
                                   off course during a storm in the English Channel in 1064 William had
                                   made Harold promise to support William’s claim to the throne as the
                                   price for his freedom.
  
  
            When the King of England heard about the Norse invasion, he marched his army northwards. The
            English defeated the Norwegians, but were forced to return to the south immediately because an
            invasion force led by Duke William had landed.
  
  
  
  
  
            Harold met William at Hastings where in a great battle the King of England was fatally wounded.
            According to the Bayeux Tapestry, Harold was killed either by an arrow piercing his eye or by the
            sword of a Norman knight. William marched to Westminster Abbey where he crowned himself King of
            England.
  
  
  
            This event is known as the Norman Conquest; it changed the course of British history. Many Saxons
            fled north to Scotland after the arrival of the Normans. Among these were Edgar Atheling, last of King
            Alfred’s line, and his sister Margaret.
  
            In 1070 Malcolm married Margaret, Edgar's sister, in Dunfermline and in the same year he invaded
            England. This was partly so that he could help his brother-in-law, Edgar Atheling gain control of the
            English throne, but mainly because he wanted to extend his Kingdom. Through Margaret, his second
            wife, he had a slight, but positive claim to the throne of England. (This was because Edgar and
            Margaret were the grandchildren of King Edmund Ironside of England.)
  
            This meant that Malcolm could try to become the King of both Scotland and England. When William
            discovered Malcolm's link to royalty, he knew he must crush any such ideas of Malcolm’s. William
            marched an army up to Scotland in 1072 and met the king of Scotland at Stirling. Edgar Atheling
            abandoned Canmore and fled to Flanders in Belgium. When Malcolm saw the size of William's army,
            he promised that he would not hurt, or encroach on, the English or their kingdom. He also made the
            decision to pay homage to the Monarch of England. This decision was to have fateful consequences for
            the independence of Scotland in later, even more dangerous times.
  
            For about seven years, Malcolm kept to his promise. For no known reason though, in 1079 he once
            more invaded the north of England. He viciously attacked Northumberland in Scottish style, which
            meant that Northumberland was savagely torn apart. In the following year the Normans again attacked
            Scotland. They decided to build a castle over the river Tyne for more protection, and to stand watch
            against further Scottish attacks. Malcolm was then, of course reminded of his peace agreement, and
            pledged to keep it for another twelve years.
  
            Queen Margaret (St. Margaret)
  
            Whilst all of this was taking place, Malcolm's wife Margaret put all of her time and effort as wife and
            Queen of Scotland into religion and into creating a more civilised court in Scotland. Intelligent and very
            religious, she was determined to modernise Scotland by introducing ideas from England and Europe.
  
            1. She brought softness to the harsh kingdom of the north by copying some of the
            ways of the Normans. She introduced spiced meats and French wines; lovely
            tapestries and rich clothes; dancing and singing of ballads.
            2. She taught the priests to live simply and without wealth, giving their whole lives to
            Christian belief.
  
            3. She made Sunday into a day of worship.
            4. Around the time of 1070 she invited three English Benedictine monks from
            Canterbury to build a monastery at Dunfermline. This was the start of monasteries in
            Scotland. The monks brought with them new skills in farming and building.
  
            5. She built a new chapel in Edinburgh Castle, in Norman style. It is the oldest
            standing church in Scotland today. St. Margaret spent many hours there in prayer.
  
            6. She gave large sums of money and land to the Church to help the poor
            7. Margaret also launched the Queen's Ferry over the Firth of Forth to St. Andrews.
  
  
            Her life of charity and kindness impressed the rough and ambitious King Malcolm so much that he supported his wife's good works. He allowed his wealth to be donated to charity and on one occasion
  he fed three hundred needy subjects in his royal hall.
  
  Before the twelve-year peace agreement that he had made with the Normans had expired Malcolm
  Canmore launched another invasion of northern England, in 1091. He chose a time when William the
  Conqueror's son William Rufus, who had by this time succeeded his father, was not in Britain, but
  Normandy.
  
  Edgar Atheling returned from Belgium to take part in the invasion. Even although Malcolm Canmore
  had pledged to help Atheling regain the English throne, he was much more interested in putting his
  own family on the throne. However, the English repulsed the Scottish invasion and for the third time
  Malcolm made a peace agreement. The English built a castle at Carlisle to patrol the border.
  
  You would have thought that the invasion attempts would have stopped then, but they didn't as in 1093
  Canmore once more attacked England. But he was killed during the raid and his son died also from
  wounds received. When the news reached poor Margaret she was already very sick with a terminal
  illness; she died four days later.
  
  Malcolm's life as a King was nothing more than a reckless baron robber. He never did help his
  brother-in-law succeed to the E

Sources:

• 1. Parsons_merge11.FTW
• 2. Source GED2GO40